• 150m Amajyepfo, Umuhanda wa DingWei, Umudugudu wa Nanlou, Umujyi wa Changan, Agace ka GaoCheng, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, Ubushinwa
  • monica@foundryasia.com

Jun. 12, 2023 18:48 Subira kurutonde

NIKI KOKO CY'ICYUMWERU



Ibikoresho byo gutekamo ibyuma: 

Ibikoresho byo gutekamo ibyuma nibikoresho biremereye bikozwe mubyuma bikozwe mubyuma bihabwa agaciro kubwo kugumana ubushyuhe, kuramba, ubushobozi bwo gukoreshwa mubushyuhe bwinshi cyane, no guteka bidafite inkoni mugihe cyateganijwe neza.

Amateka yo guteka ibyuma

Muri Aziya, cyane cyane Ubushinwa, Ubuhinde, Koreya n'Ubuyapani, hari amateka maremare yo guteka hamwe n'ibyuma. Ku ncuro ya mbere havuzwe isafuriya y'icyuma mu Cyongereza yagaragaye mu 679 cyangwa 680, nubwo atari bwo bwa mbere bwakoreshwaga mu bikoresho byo guteka. Ijambo inkono ryatangiye gukoreshwa mu 1180. Ayo magambo yombi yerekeza ku cyombo gishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe butaziguye bw'umuriro. Inkono y'ibyuma hamwe n'amasafuriya yo guteka byahawe agaciro nkibikoresho byo mu gikoni kugirango birambe kandi bifite ubushobozi bwo kugumana ubushyuhe buringaniye, bityo bizamura ubwiza bwibiryo bitetse.

Mu Burayi no muri Amerika, mbere yo kwinjiza amashyiga y’igikoni hagati mu kinyejana cya 19, amafunguro yatekwaga mu ziko, kandi inkono n’ibisahani byateganyirijwe gukoreshwa mu ziko, cyangwa bigahagarikwa muri byo.

Inkono zikozwe mu cyuma zikozwe mu ntoki kugira ngo zimanike hejuru y'umuriro, cyangwa n'amaguru kugira ngo zishobore guhagarara mu makara. Usibye amashyiga yo mu Buholandi afite metero eshatu cyangwa enye, Abraham Darby wa I yabonye ipatanti mu 1708 kugira ngo akore, isafuriya yakoreshwaga mu guteka ibyuma yitwa igitagangurirwa yari ifite ikiganza n'amaguru atatu bituma ihagarara neza hejuru y’umuriro kimwe mu makara no mu ivu ryaka.
Guteka inkono n'amasafuriya hamwe n'ibirenge bitagira amaguru, binini byatangiye gukoreshwa mugihe amashyiga yo guteka yamenyekanye; iki gihe cyo mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 cyabonye igorofa
ubuhanga bw'icyuma.
Ibikoresho byo gutekamo ibyuma byari bizwi cyane mubakora urugo mugice cya mbere cyikinyejana cya 20. Byari ibikoresho bihendutse, ariko biramba. Ingo nyinshi zabanyamerika zari zifite byibura isafuriya imwe yo guteka.
Ikinyejana cya 20 nacyo cyinjijwemo no kumenyekanisha ibikoresho byo gutekesha ibyuma bya emam.
Uyu munsi, mubihitamo binini byibikoresho bishobora kugurwa kubatanga igikoni, ibyuma bikozwe mubice bike. Nyamara, kuramba no kwizerwa kwicyuma nkigikoresho cyo guteka byatumye ikomeza kubaho. Inkono n'amasafuriya yo mu kinyejana cya 19 na 20 bikomeje kubona imikoreshereze ya buri munsi kugeza na nubu. Barashakishwa cyane nabakusanya kera n'abacuruzi. Ibyuma bikozwe mucyuma byongeye kugaragara ko byamamaye ku masoko yihariye. Binyuze mu bitaramo byo guteka, abatetsi b'ibyamamare bazanye uburyo bushya bwo guteka gakondo, cyane cyane gukoresha ibyuma.

Ibicuruzwa byingenzi
Ubwoko bwibikoresho byo gutekamo ibyuma birimo isafuriya, amashyiga yo mu Buholandi, urusyo, ibyuma bya wafle, imashini ya panini, ifiriti yimbitse, woks, fondu na potjies.

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Inyungu zo guteka ibyuma
Ubushobozi bw'icyuma bwo kwihanganira no kugumana ubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane bwo guteka bituma uhitamo guhunika cyangwa gukaranga, kandi kugumana ubushyuhe bwiza cyane bituma uba uburyo bwiza bwo guteka igihe kirekire cyangwa amasahani yatetse.
Kuberako ubuhanga bwibyuma bushobora guteza imbere "idafite inkoni" mugihe byitaweho neza, nibyiza byo guteka ibirayi cyangwa gutegura ifiriti. Bamwe mu batetsi babona ko icyuma gihitamo icyiza cyibiryo byamagi, mugihe abandi bumva icyuma cyongera amagi adasanzwe. Ubundi buryo bwo gukoresha ibyuma bikozwe mucyuma birimo guteka, urugero nko gukora imigati y'ibigori, ibishishwa hamwe na keke.
Ibisubizo byinshi bisaba gukoresha ubuhanga cyangwa inkono, cyane cyane ko isahani ishobora kubanza gushakishwa cyangwa gukaranga ku ziko hanyuma ikoherezwa mu ziko, isafuriya nibindi byose, kugirango birangire guteka. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ubuhanga bwo gushiramo ibyuma bushobora gukuba kabiri nk'ibiryo byo guteka. Ibi bitandukanye nibindi byombo byinshi byo guteka, bifite ibice bitandukanye bishobora kwangizwa nubushyuhe bukabije bwa 400 ° F (204 ° C) cyangwa burenga.

 


Ibikurikira ：

Amakuru agezweho

Niba ushimishijwe nibicuruzwa byacu, urashobora guhitamo gusiga amakuru yawe hano, kandi tuzahuza nawe vuba.


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